Monitoring of Inland Excess Water Inundations Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Balázs Kajári, Csaba Bozán and Boudewijn Van Leeuwen ()
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Balázs Kajári: Department of Geoinformatics, Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
Csaba Bozán: Center for Irrigation and Water Management, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Research, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Annaliget 35, 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
Boudewijn Van Leeuwen: Department of Geoinformatics, Physical and Environmental Geography, University of Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, 6722 Szeged, Hungary

Land, 2022, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-22

Abstract: Nowadays, climate change not only leads to riverine floods and flash floods but also to inland excess water (IEW) inundations and drought due to extreme hydrological processes. The Carpathian Basin is extremely affected by fast-changing weather conditions during the year. IEW (sometimes referred to as water logging) is formed when, due to limited runoff, infiltration, and evaporation, surplus water remains on the surface or in places where groundwater flowing to lower areas appears on the surface by leaking through porous soil. In this study, eight different machine learning approaches were applied to derive IEW inundations on three different dates in 2021 (23 February, 7 March, 20 March). Index-based approaches are simple and provide relatively good results, but they need to be adapted to specific circumstances for each area and date. With an overall accuracy of 0.98, a Kappa of 0.65, and a QADI score of 0.020, the deep learning method Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) gave the best results, compared to the more traditional machine learning approaches Maximum Likelihood (ML), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) that were evaluated. The CNN-based IEW maps can be used in operational inland excess water control by water management authorities.

Keywords: inland excess water; water logging; water classification; machine learning; convolutional neural network; deep learning; Sentinel-2 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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