Impacts of Land Urbanization on CO 2 Emissions: Policy Implications Based on Developmental Stages

Yi Xiao, Yuantao Liao, Zhe Li, Zhuojun Li and Shaojian Wang ()
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Yi Xiao: Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
Yuantao Liao: Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
Zhe Li: Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
Zhuojun Li: Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
Shaojian Wang: School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 10, 1-15

Abstract: The systematic advancement of land urbanization coupled with the pursuit of a low-carbon economy constitutes a critical challenge faced by numerous nations across the globe. Utilizing panel data spanning 195 countries from 1990 to 2020, this study employed a panel regression model to scrutinize the impact mechanisms of land urbanization on CO 2 emissions across income groups. The findings revealed a consistent overall increase in both land urbanization and per capita CO 2 emissions during the period examined, with marked disparities evident among countries of varying income levels. The regression analysis further identified an “inverted U-shaped” curve relationship between land urbanization and per capita CO 2 emissions in the global context and within high-income panels. Conversely, a “U-shaped” curve relationship was discerned in lower-middle-income nations, whereas a linear relationship was observed in upper-middle-income and low-income countries. These insights serve to deepen the understanding of the CO 2 emission implications of land urbanization across countries at different development stages. This study underscores the necessity for countries to attentively consider their unique stage of development when devising CO 2 reduction policies, reinforcing the complex interplay between urbanization, economic categorization, and environmental stewardship.

Keywords: land urbanization; per capita CO 2 emissions; income level; panel regression model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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