Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cropland near a Typical Lead–Zinc Processing Plant in Xieping Village, Hui County, China

Yuxin Ma, Xiaojun Yao (), Jiahui Wang, Hongyu Duan, Jiayu Hu and Tongyu Wu
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Yuxin Ma: College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Xiaojun Yao: College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Jiahui Wang: College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Hongyu Duan: College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Jiayu Hu: College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Tongyu Wu: College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 10, 1-15

Abstract: Metal beneficiation activities may cause soil pollution in the surrounding cropland, making it crucial to conduct heavy metal pollution assessment and source analysis of the cultivated land in mining areas for the protection of the ecological environment and human health. In this study, a total of 205 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected on site from the Tianheba cropland near the lead–zinc concentrator in Xieping Village, Huixian County, Gansu Province, China; their pH values and their SOM, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb contents were determined. Based on the data, we used the Kriging spatial interpolation, the Nemero index, the index of geoaccumulation, and the PMF model to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in the region, the degree of contamination, the sources, and the contribution rate. The results indicated that the heavy metals with contamination levels in the Tianheba cropland were Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, As, and Cr in descending order, with the average concentrations of Cd (0.39 mg/kg), Zn (122 mg/kg), Pb (30.4 mg/kg), and Hg (0.07 mg/kg) being significantly higher than the background values of the Gansu soils. The soil in the region as a whole was heavily polluted; it was heavily polluted with Cd, moderately polluted with Zn, and mildly polluted with Pb. Hg had a larger value in the index of geoaccumulation. By analyzing the spatial distribution and sources of the soil metals, it was found that the cropland contaminated with heavy metals in Tianheba was distributed around the mineral processing plant and the infiltration area of the canal. The PMF model revealed three pollution sources: the industrial source related to mining activities, the fertilizer application source, and the natural source. This study provides a scientific basis for the precise management of heavy metal pollution in the area.

Keywords: mineral processing plant; cropland; heavy metals; kriging spatial interpolation; pollution characteristics; source analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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