Long-Term Variations in Warm and Cold Events in Nanjing, China: Roles of Synoptic Weather Patterns and Urbanization

Weishou Tian, Lian Zong, Yakun Dong, Duanyang Liu and Yuanjian Yang ()
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Weishou Tian: Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Lian Zong: Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yakun Dong: Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210018, China
Duanyang Liu: Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing 210041, China
Yuanjian Yang: Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Studying the long-term variations in warm and cold events and their causes under global warming is important for understanding urban climate change, planning, and green development, as well as for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, taking the megacity of Nanjing in China as an example, we analyzed the trends and characteristics of the daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, and warm and cold events from 1960 to 2021, and their association with synoptic weather patterns (SWPs) and urbanization. The results showed that, over the past 62 years, the maximum/average/minimum temperatures in Nanjing have trended upward significantly (at the urban station they increased at rates of 0.17, 0.34, and 0.67 °C/decade), with the minimum temperatures being the most significant. In spring, the warming rate of the average temperature was the greatest, reaching 0.45 °C/decade. All other seasons had their highest warming rate in their minimum temperatures, reaching 0.38 °C/decade, 0.73 °C/decade, and 0.67 °C/decade in the summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The extreme high temperatures showed a decreasing trend until the mid-1980s, closely related to the decrease in the two SWPs with prevailing southwesterly winds (Types 1 and 2), while a significant increasing trend was apparent thereafter, mainly related to the increase in the SWPs with prevailing southeasterly winds (Types 3 and 4). The number of warm days was strongly positively correlated with extreme high temperatures during the study period, and about 91% of the warm day interannual variation can be explained by extreme high temperature variation. The extreme low temperatures showed a significant decreasing trend. The number of cold nights was strongly and positively correlated with extreme low temperatures, and about 85% of the cold night interannual variation can be explained by extreme low temperature variation. The effect of urbanization was basically positive, contributing the most to the average temperatures and second-most to the minimum temperatures, with warming contributions of 26.5% and 20.9%, respectively, and an insignificant contribution to the maximum temperatures. The effect of urbanization on extreme high temperatures was not significant, but the contribution of warming to extreme low temperatures reached 27.9%. Our results have important implications for future urban climate prediction, as well as for impact assessment and decision making in urban planning.

Keywords: Nanjing; climate change trends; extreme temperature; urbanization; synoptic weather pattern (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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