Allocation of U.S. Biomass Production to Food, Feed, Fiber, Fuel and Exports

Christopher Lant (), Suman Paudel, Kaeli Mueller, Grace Larson, Gustavo A. Ovando-Montejo and Jennifer Givens
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Christopher Lant: Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
Suman Paudel: Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
Kaeli Mueller: Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
Grace Larson: Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
Gustavo A. Ovando-Montejo: Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
Jennifer Givens: Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 3, 1-16

Abstract: This paper analyzes the end uses—food, feed, fiber, fuel, and exports—of biomass production in the U.S. in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012. They are also analyzed at the state level in 2012. Biomass production is measured as human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), an ecological footprint measured as carbon fixed through photosynthesis, derived from data on crop, timber and grazing yields. HANPP was allocated to end uses using publicly available sources from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and internet-based sources publishing data on agricultural trade. HANPP was 717–834 megatons (MT) of carbon per year, which comprised 515–615 MT of crop-based, 105–149 MT timber-based, and 64–76 MT of grazed HANPP. Livestock feed commanded the largest proportion, but decreased from 395 (50%) to 305 MT (42%) of all HANPP and 320 to 240 MT (58–44%) of crop-based HANPP. The proportion allocated to exports was stable at 118–141 MT (17–18%) of total HANPP and 112–133 MT (21–23%) of crop-based HANPP. Biofiber decreased from 141 MT (18%) to 97 MT (13%) of all HANPP. Biofuel increased strongly from 11 MT to 98 MT, from 1% to 14% of all HANPP and 2% to 18% of crop-based HANPP, surpassing food and biofiber by 2012. Direct food commanded 89–105 MT, the lowest proportion at 12–13% of all HANPP, and 17–18% of crop-based HANPP. The highly fertile Midwest and the drought-prone Intermountain West stand out as regions where a very small percentage of biomass is allocated to direct human food. The high proportions of biomass production allocated to nonfood uses is consistent with the tragedy of ecosystem services and commodification of nature frameworks. Reducing these proportions presents opportunities for improving ecosystem services, food security, and human well-being.

Keywords: allocation of biomass; biofuels; commodification of nature; ecosystem services; human appropriation of net primary production; United States (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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