Input Flux and the Risk of Heavy Metal(Loid) of Agricultural Soil in China: Based on Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity from 2000 to 2021

Wenyu Ma, Yuchun Pan, Zaijin Sun (), Changhua Liu, Xiaolan Li, Li Xu and Yunbing Gao ()
Additional contact information
Wenyu Ma: School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
Yuchun Pan: Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
Zaijin Sun: Technical Center for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
Changhua Liu: School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
Xiaolan Li: Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
Li Xu: Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
Yunbing Gao: Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 6, 1-22

Abstract: Identifying the current status of the heavy metal(loid) input of agricultural soils is vital for the soil ecological environment of agricultural-producing areas. Most previous studies have typically carried been out in small regions with limited sampling sites, which is insufficient to reveal the overall status of China. This study reviewed publications from over the past 20 years and calculated the input fluxes of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soil via atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, manure, and irrigation in different regions of China based on spatiotemporal heterogeneity using a meta-analysis, providing more accurate and reliable results. It was found that the heavy metal(loid) input flux of atmospheric deposition in China is large, while that of fertilizer and manure is relatively low compared to Europe. The major sources of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb entering the soil was atmospheric deposition, which accounted for 12% to 92% of the total input. Manure was responsible for 19% to 75% of the Cu and Zn input. Cd is the element presenting the most significant risk to the environment of agricultural soils in China and its safety limit will be reached within 100 years for most regions. The region we need to be concerned about is Huang-Huai-Hai due to its comprehensive pollution.

Keywords: heavy metal input flux; soil heavy metal pollution risk; spatiotemporal heterogeneity; atmospheric deposition; meta-analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/6/1240/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/6/1240/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jlands:v:12:y:2023:i:6:p:1240-:d:1172962

Access Statistics for this article

Land is currently edited by Ms. Carol Ma

More articles in Land from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().