Deep Learning Based Spatial Distribution Estimation of Soil Pb Using Multi-Phase Multispectral Remote Sensing Images in a Mining Area

Min Tan, Xiaotong Zhang, Weiqiang Luo and Ming Hao ()
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Min Tan: School of Public Policy and Management (School of Emergency Management), China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Xiaotong Zhang: School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Weiqiang Luo: School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Ming Hao: School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Land, 2023, vol. 12, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: Extensive investigation and monitoring of lead (Pb) content of soil is significant for ensuring hazard-free agricultural production, protecting human health, and ecosystem security, especially in a mining area. One temporal period of a hyperspectral image is usually used to estimate the spatial distribution of Pb and other heavy metals, but hyperspectral images are usually difficult to obtain. Multispectral remote-sensing images are more accessible than hyperspectral images. In this study, a deep learning-based model using 3D convolution is proposed to estimate the Pb content from the constructed multi-phase, multispectral remote-sensing images. Multi-phase multispectral remote-sensing images were stacked to generate a data set with more spectral bands to reduce the atmospheric absorptive aerosol effect. At the same time, a neural network based on 3D convolution (3D-ConvNet) was proposed to estimate Pb content based on the constructed data set. Compared with partial least-squares regression (PLSR), random forest regression (RFR), support vector machine regression (SVMR), and gradient-boosting regression (GBR), experimental results showed the proposed 3D-ConvNet has obvious superiority and generates more accurate estimation results, with the prediction dataset coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) and the mean normalized bias (MNB) values being 0.90 and 2.63%, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to effectively estimate heavy metal content from multi-phase, multispectral remote-sensing images, and this study provides a new approach to heavy metal pollution monitoring.

Keywords: multi-phase; multispectral images; heavy metal content estimation; deep learning-based regression; 3D convolution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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