Policy Development in China’s Protected Scenic and Historic Areas

Qiaoqiao Zhan, Katsunori Furuya, Xiaolan Tang () and Zhehui Li
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Qiaoqiao Zhan: College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Katsunori Furuya: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-0082, Japan
Xiaolan Tang: College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Zhehui Li: College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Land, 2024, vol. 13, issue 2, 1-24

Abstract: In China, scenic and historic areas are protected areas which are highly integrated with natural and cultural resources. The study analyzed policies based on the theory of policy instruments using content analyses. The results demonstrated that China’s scenic and historic areas have experienced four phases of development: primary development (1980–1994), exploration and growth (1995-–2006), deepening and maturity (2007–2018), and integration and optimization (2019–2023). Policy intensity is trending upwards, and contemporary policy authority and restraints are insufficient. The policy instruments showed an imbalance, and are mainly environmentally-type, with only a few supply- and demand-type. Policy topics mainly include management and planning protection. The Chinese government has played a leading role, taking many restraining measures to quickly protect scenic resources. Stronger and more effective policies with more specific content will favor the protection of scenic and historic areas. In the future, financial input, international exchanges, and outsourcing services should be increased to promote the vital development of scenic and historic areas. Legislation, establishment, social participation, operation, and ticket systems must be comprehensive. Overall, the study provides theoretical support for further reforms of China’s scenic and historic areas and lessons for improving the conservation quality of the world’s protected areas.

Keywords: China; protected areas; scenic and historic areas; policy; protection mechanisms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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