Energy Utilization and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Tillage Operation in Wetland Rice Cultivation

Suha Elsoragaby (), A. F. Kheiralla, Elkamil Tola, Azmi Yahya, Modather Mairghany, Mojahid Ahmed, Wael M. Elamin and Bahaaddein K. M. Mahgoub
Additional contact information
Suha Elsoragaby: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
A. F. Kheiralla: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
Elkamil Tola: Precision Agriculture Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia
Azmi Yahya: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
Modather Mairghany: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
Mojahid Ahmed: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
Wael M. Elamin: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
Bahaaddein K. M. Mahgoub: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan

Land, 2024, vol. 13, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: In Malaysia, wetland rice is cultivated over two cropping seasons: the main season, from June to November, and the off-season, from January to June. The aim of this study was to investigate tillage operations in rice production in relation to actual field operations and under real field conditions for two rice cultivation seasons. The results showed that 80.7%, 17%, and 2.3% of the total time was spent on the actual operation, turning time, and reversing time, respectively. The results also showed that the mean effective field capacity, field efficiency, and fuel consumption were 1.2 ha/h, 80%, and 7.6 L/ha, respectively. The distribution of energy used in the first, second, and third tillage passes amounted to 37%, 33%, and 30% of the total energy, respectively. Fuel, machinery, and total GHG emissions were 62.4, 7.6, and 70 kg CO 2 eq/ha, respectively. Fuel represented the highest contributor of energy expenditure and GHG emissions. The distributions of GHG emissions in the first, second, and third tillage passes were 37%, 32%, and 31% of the total GHG emissions. The results reveal that carrying out minimum-tillage operations led to a reduction in environmental impacts.

Keywords: field performance; energy use; greenhouse gas emissions; tillage operation; environmental impact (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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