Community Morphology and Perceptual Evaluation from the Perspective of Density: Evidence from 50 High-Density Communities in Guangzhou, China

Zihao Wang, Chunyang Zhang (), Xinjian Li and Linlin Luo
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Zihao Wang: School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
Chunyang Zhang: School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
Xinjian Li: School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
Linlin Luo: Guangzhou Urban Renewal Planning and Design Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 362 Dongfeng Middle Road, Guangzhou 510045, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 10, 1-16

Abstract: Spatial density, as a key indicator of the quality of the urban residential environment, comprises both physical and perceived dimensions. Physical density refers to objective spatial characteristics (e.g., building density and population density), whereas perceived density denotes residents’ perceptual evaluations (e.g., perceived crowding, visual openness, and overall environmental quality). Clarifying the relationship between physical and perceived density is therefore critical for advancing livability-oriented urban planning and design. This study examines the relationship through an empirical analysis of 50 representative high-density communities in Guangzhou. Using morphological classification, descriptive statistics, and multiple linear regression, the analysis compares objective density indicators with residents’ perceptual evaluations and identifies key environmental factors that shape perceived density. Findings indicate that physical and perceived density are not fully aligned: compact but coherent spatial forms can enhance residents’ perceptual evaluations, whereas overcrowded and deteriorating environments intensify negative perceptions. The identified community typologies—for example, urban villages, traditional walk-up estates, and modern high-rise complexes—exhibit distinct perceptual patterns and influencing factors. These results highlight the need for density regulation to move beyond conventional physical indicators and to incorporate perceptual dimensions into planning frameworks. Overall, the study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for tailored strategies in the renewal and management of high-density communities.

Keywords: spatial density; perceived density; morphological characteristics; high-density communities; Guangzhou (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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