Population–Land–Industry–Facility System Coupling Coordination and Influencing Factors in Hebei Province

Yichun Niu, Li Zhao (), Jiaxi Xie, Haoyu Zhou, Junjie Zang and Chunxiu Zhao
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Yichun Niu: College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Li Zhao: College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Jiaxi Xie: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Haoyu Zhou: College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Junjie Zang: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
Chunxiu Zhao: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 10, 1-22

Abstract: Exploring the interactions and coupling effects in the Population–Land–Industry–Facility (PLIF) system can help maximize resource allocation and promote the synergistic development of systems. This study constructs an index system for the PLIF system in Hebei Province, employing coupling coordination degree and spatial autocorrelation methods to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of the system’s coordination. Furthermore, grey relational analysis is employed to examine the key factors influencing the coordination degree of the system. The results show the following: (1) The development levels of each subsystem and the overall development level of the PLIF system in Hebei Province have generally increased, but the overall level remains relatively low. (2) The PLIF system in Hebei Province exhibits a pattern of “low in the north and high in the south, high in the east and low in the west”, with most counties in a barely coordinated state and a generally high degree of coupling. (3) The main factors affecting the coordinated development of the PLIF system include population density, the proportion of the tertiary industry, and the degree of non-agriculturalization of rural labor force. The research results of this paper provide a reference for promoting the coordinated development of population, land, industry, and facilities in Hebei Province and facilitating the sustainable development of the region.

Keywords: population–land–industry–facility; coupling coordination; influencing factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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