Study on the Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Tourism Ecological Security in the Jianmen Shu Road Heritage Area

Chenmingyang Jiang, Xinyu Du, Jun Cai, Hao Li, Yi Peng and Qibing Chen ()
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Chenmingyang Jiang: College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Xinyu Du: College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Jun Cai: College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Hao Li: College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Yi Peng: College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Qibing Chen: College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-29

Abstract: Heritage is the commonwealth of all humankind. In the context of the rise in global tourism and the continuous deepening of cultural and tourism integration, tourism has emerged as an effective vehicle for the preservation and development of heritage sites. However, it also imposes adverse effects on the local ecological environment and heritage sites, exerting significant pressure on regional sustainable development. In this study, three cities along Jianmen Shu Road were selected as the study area. A comprehensive evaluation index system was developed for tourism ecological security (TES) based on the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response model, and an in-depth analysis of its spatial–temporal evolution characteristics, spatial–temporal migration trends, and influencing factors was performed. The results show that (1) from 2012 to 2022, the average TES in the study area decreased annually, while it increased in Jiange County, Anzhou District, and Santai County. The TES indices were generally higher in areas with a high density of heritage sites or developed economies. Additionally, the districts and counties along the Jianmen Shu Road route never exhibited a deteriorated state. (2) From 2012 to 2022, TES in the study area exhibited an obvious “northeast–southwest” directional pattern, and its center of gravity followed a “V”-shaped trajectory. Overall, the spatial patterns showed minimal variation and exhibited agglomeration characteristics. (3) From 2012 to 2022, the main factors influencing TES included the density of Jianmen Shu Road heritage sites (S6), the number of 3A and above scenic areas (S5), the proportion of cultural tourism and sports in total expenditure (R3), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (S4), and other tourism and environmental factors. Moreover, TES systems are becoming increasingly complex and diverse. Finally, based on the results, a comprehensive conceptual framework of the driving mechanism was developed. Additionally, four targeted and scientifically grounded policy recommendations were formulated for restoring, protecting, and managing the TES in the Jianmen Shu Road Heritage Area. This study provides significant reference value for ecological environment preservation and the high-quality development of cultural tourism integration in heritage areas.

Keywords: tourism ecological security; DPSIR model; GeoDetector; driving mechanism; Jianmen Shu Road Heritage Area (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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