Geotechnical Aspects of N(H)bSs for Enhancing Sub-Alpine Mountain Climate Resilience

Tamara Bračko, Primož Jelušič and Bojan Žlender ()
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Tamara Bračko: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Traffic Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Primož Jelušič: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Traffic Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Bojan Žlender: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Traffic Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-32

Abstract: Mountain resilience is the ability of mountain regions to endure, adapt to, and recover from environmental, climatic, and anthropogenic stressors. Due to their steep topography, extreme weather conditions, and unique biodiversity, these areas are particularly vulnerable to climate change, natural hazards, and human activities. This paper examines how nature-based solutions (NbSs) can strengthen slope stability and geotechnical resilience, with a specific focus on Slovenia’s sub-Alpine regions as a case study representative of the Alps and similar mountain landscapes worldwide. The proposed Climate-Adaptive Resilience Evaluation (CARE) concept integrates geomechanical analysis with geotechnical planning, addressing the impacts of climate change through a systematic causal chain that connects climate hazards, their effects, and resulting consequences. Key factors such as water infiltration, soil permeability, and groundwater dynamics are identified as critical elements in designing timely and effective NbSs. In scenarios where natural solutions alone may be insufficient, hybrid solutions (HbSs) that combine nature-based and conventional engineering methods are highlighted as essential for managing unstable slopes and restoring collapsed geostructures. The paper provides practical examples, including slope stability analyses and reforestation initiatives, to illustrate how to use the CARE concept and how NbSs can mitigate geotechnical risks and promote sustainability. By aligning these approaches with regulatory frameworks and climate adaptation objectives, it underscores the potential for integrating NbSs and HbSs into comprehensive, long-term geotechnical strategies for enhancing mountain resilience.

Keywords: mountain resilience; climate change; nature-based solutions (NbSs); hybrid solutions (HbSs); geotechnical planning; slope stability; landslides (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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