Evaluating Territorial Space Use Efficiency: A Geographic Data Envelopment Model Considering Geospatial Effects

Minrui Zheng, Yin Ma (), Xinqi Zheng, Xvlu Wang, Li Li (), Feng Xu, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Fuping Gan, Jianchao Wang and Zhengkun Zhu
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Minrui Zheng: School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Yin Ma: China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China
Xinqi Zheng: School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Xvlu Wang: School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Li Li: China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China
Feng Xu: School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Xiaoyuan Zhang: School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Fuping Gan: China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China
Jianchao Wang: China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China
Zhengkun Zhu: China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-26

Abstract: Accurately evaluating territorial space use efficiency is a prerequisite for promoting the realization of high-quality development. Existing efficiency evaluation models all treat decision making units (DMUs) as independent individuals, ignoring geospatial effects between geographical spaces, which leads to unreliable results. This study proposes a geographic data envelopment analysis (GeoDEA) model, integrating a spatially constrained multivariate clustering model with generalized data envelopment analysis (DEA). The GeoDEA model reconstructs evaluation and reference sets considering spatial adjacency, cluster numbers, and socio-economic indicators and then applies a slack-based measure (SBM) super-efficient formula. It is verified that the efficiency value evaluated using the GeoDEA model is higher than that of the traditional DEA model, but it is also more consistent with cognition and more reliable. This is mainly explained by the fact that the GeoDEA model takes into account the geospatial effect and selects DMUs with relatively close geographic distance and higher levels of development as the reference frontier for efficiency evaluation. The GeoDEA model optimizes the traditional DEA model and avoids the problem that the efficiency of DMU is underestimated when the geographical background and development mode of DMU are very different from the reference frontier. It enhances the reliability of the evaluation of territorial space use efficiency.

Keywords: geospatial effects; spatially constrained multivariate clustering model; data envelopment analysis model; territorial space use efficiency; territorial space high-quality development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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