Evaluation of Sustainable Development Objectives in the Production of Protected Geographical Indication Legumes

Betty Carlini, Javier Velázquez, Derya Gülçin, Cristina Lucini and Víctor Rincón ()
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Betty Carlini: Ministerio dell’Istruzione e del Merito, Governo Italiano, Viale Trastevere, 76/a, 00153 Roma, Italy
Javier Velázquez: Department of Environment and Agroforestry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
Derya Gülçin: TEMSUS Research Group, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
Cristina Lucini: Department of Environment and Agroforestry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
Víctor Rincón: TEMSUS Research Group, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-22

Abstract: The Mediterranean Diet is a highly sustainable diet, and legumes are among the products that best characterize this concept. This study evaluates the environmental sustainability of the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) legume Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivated in the Asturias region, Spain. Employing a multi-indicator approach, the study aims to define and measure certain biodiversity indicators useful for assessing the ecological quality and sustainability of the agroecosystems under consideration. Spatial analyses were conducted with GIS-based methodologies, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to generate a Sustainability Index (SI). The study found that a significant positive spatial autocorrelation was observed using Moran’s I test (Moran’s I = 0.74555, p < 0.01), indicating that the SI values were not equally distributed but clustered around particular regions. Furthermore, the Getis-Ord Gi* analysis determined statistically significant hotspots, mainly distributed in the western and southwestern areas, including regions near Cangas del Narcea and Tineo. This paper highlights the importance of integrating spatial analysis for environmental assessments to develop sustainability approaches. Soil quality, water use, biodiversity, and land management are some of the factors that affect sustainability outcomes in the region. The results underscore the role of PGI in promoting sustainable agricultural practices by meeting geographical and quality requirements for local production.

Keywords: sustainable farming; legume production; protected geographical indication; environmental sustainability indicators; mediterranean diet (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:3:p:636-:d:1614396

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