Simulation of Multi-Scale Water Supply Service Flow Pathways and Ecological Compensation for Urban–Rural Sustainability: A Case Study of the Fenhe River Basin

Fei Duan, Siyu Wen, Xuening Fan, Jiacheng Li, Ran Zhou, Jiansheng Wu and Chengcheng Dong ()
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Fei Duan: Laboratory for Urban Future, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Siyu Wen: Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Xuening Fan: Guangdong Overseas Chinese High School, Guangzhou 510030, China
Jiacheng Li: Urban Planning & Design Institute of Shenzhen Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, China
Ran Zhou: School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Jiansheng Wu: Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Chengcheng Dong: Laboratory for Urban Future, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-21

Abstract: Neglecting ecosystem services has impeded sustainable urban–rural development, particularly in terms of the efficient flow of water supply services between urban and rural areas. This study focuses on the Fenhe River Basin, evaluating water supply and demand at the sub-basin, as well as county levels. Using the InVEST model to analyze basin-level geographic, meteorological, hydrological, and socio-economic data, the study reveals significant spatial and temporal mismatches between water supply and demand from 2010 to 2020. Through the calculated ecosystem services supply and demand ratio (0.3731 in 2010, −0.1555 in 2015, and −0.1063 in 2020), it is found although both supply and demand increased over the period, persistent deficits emerged, with water supply concentrated in upstream areas and demand primarily in downstream regions. The improved network connectivity by 2020, supported by water-saving policies and technological advancements, partially alleviated earlier imbalances. This research contributes a multi-scale framework to analyze ecosystem service flows and compensation mechanisms across grid, sub-basin, and county scales. Overall, the study underscores that research into ecological compensation plays a crucial role in enabling efficient resource flow, enhancing governance systems, and fostering an ecologically friendly urban–rural development model.

Keywords: urban-rural sustainable development; supply–demand relationships; ecological compensation; Fenhe River Basin (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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