How Compositions of Landscape Elements Affect Outdoor Thermal Environments: Quantitative Study Along the Urban Riverside

Zhaoxin Li, Jingyuan Zhao (), Linrui Zhang, Bo Xia, Tianhui Wang and Ye Lu
Additional contact information
Zhaoxin Li: School of Architecture, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China
Jingyuan Zhao: School of Architecture, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China
Linrui Zhang: School of Architecture, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China
Bo Xia: School of Architecture, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China
Tianhui Wang: College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
Ye Lu: School of Architecture, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-20

Abstract: Riverside landscape belts are crucial for mitigating urban heat islands and enhancing urban esthetics. This study investigates the thermal environment effects of X21 landscape configurations in riverside belts using field measurements and numerical simulations. The physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) assesses human thermal comfort variations. Main findings demonstrate that the “enclosed tree–shrub–grass” configuration is the most effective plant arrangement for enhancing the riverside landscape belts thermal environment, with grassland identified as the optimal underlying surface configuration. Moreover, PET reveals that “enclosed tree–shrub–grass” spaces provide greater comfort during morning and midday periods, while “shrub–grass” areas are more suitable for the evening. This research provides a theoretical framework and empirical data for urban riverside landscape planning and design, significantly advancing urban thermal environment optimization and esthetic quality.

Keywords: outdoor thermal comfort; ENVI-met; landscape configurations; PET; riverside belt (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/4/687/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/4/687/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:4:p:687-:d:1619302

Access Statistics for this article

Land is currently edited by Ms. Carol Ma

More articles in Land from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().