Does Ecotourism Really Benefit the Environment? A Trend Analysis of Forest Cover Loss in Indonesia

Saraswati Sisriany () and Katsunori Furuya
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Saraswati Sisriany: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
Katsunori Furuya: Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 6, 1-25

Abstract: Ecotourism is widely promoted as a sustainable tourism model that harmonizes environmental conservation with local community benefits. Indonesia, celebrated for its extraordinary biodiversity, has long adopted ecotourism as a strategy to safeguard its natural ecosystems. Despite this, evidence of its environmental impact at a national scale remains sparse. This study bridges this gap by examining forest loss trends from 2014 to 2023 across ecotourism sites in Indonesia to assess whether ecotourism contributes to forest protection. The analysis reveals that most ecotourism sites exhibit no significant reduction in forest loss, with some even experiencing accelerated deforestation. While a few sites demonstrate positive outcomes, these successes are rare and insufficient to indicate widespread environmental benefits. The findings call into question whether the ecotourism model, in its current form, is an effective conservation strategy. A reevaluation of its use is imperative, along with critical reflection on whether ecotourism is genuinely suited to addressing Indonesia’s deforestation challenges. This study underscores the need for alternative or complementary approaches to conservation, as well as a robust examination of ecotourism’s limitations and potential within the broader context of sustainable development.

Keywords: ecotourism; forest conservation; deforestation trends; sustainable tourism; biodiversity protection; Indonesia; conservation strategies; environmental impact (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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