Supply–Demand Assessment of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Urban Parks of Plateau River Valley City: A Case Study of Lhasa

Shouhang Zhao, Yuqi Li, Ziqian Nie and Yunyuan Li ()
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Shouhang Zhao: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
Yuqi Li: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
Ziqian Nie: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
Yunyuan Li: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 6, 1-28

Abstract: Cultural ecosystem services (CES) in urban parks, as a vital component of urban ecosystem services (ES), are increasingly recognized as an important tool for advancing urban sustainability and implementing nature-based solutions (NbS). The supply–demand relationship of CES in urban parks is strongly shaped by sociocultural and spatial geographic factors, playing a crucial role in optimizing urban landscape structures and enhancing residents’ well-being. However, current research generally lacks adaptive evaluation frameworks and quantitative methods, particularly for cities with significant spatial and cultural diversity. To address this gap, this study examines the central district of Lhasa as a case study to develop a CES supply–demand evaluation framework suitable for plateau river valley cities. The study adopts the spatial integration analysis method to establish an indicator system centered on “recreational potential–recreational opportunities” and “social needs–material needs,” mapping the spatial distribution and matching characteristics of supply and demand at the community scale. The results reveal that: (1) in terms of supply–demand balance, 25.67% of communities experience undersupply, predominantly in the old city cluster, while 16.22% experience oversupply, mainly in key development zones, indicating a notable supply–demand imbalance; (2) in terms of supply–demand coupling coordination, 55.11% and 38.14% of communities are in declining and transitional stages, respectively. These communities are primarily distributed in near-mountainous and peripheral urban areas. Based on these findings, four urban landscape optimization strategies are proposed: culturally driven urban park development, demand-oriented park planning, expanding countryside parks along mountain ridges, and revitalizing existing parks. These results provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for optimizing urban park green space systems in plateau river valley cities.

Keywords: cultural ecosystem services; urban park; supply–demand match; landscape planning; plateau river valley cities; central urban area of Lhasa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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