Evaluating Urban Underground Space Supply–Demand Imbalances Based on Remote Sensing and POI Data: Evidence from Nanjing, China

Ziyi Wang, Guojie Liu, Yi Hu and Liang Sun ()
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Ziyi Wang: School of Architecture and Design, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Guojie Liu: School of Architecture and Design, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Yi Hu: Urban Planning and Design Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210018, China
Liang Sun: School of Architecture and Design, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 8, 1-23

Abstract: With rapid urbanization, the development of Urban Underground Space (UUS) has become essential to addressing various urban challenges. However, the accelerated expansion of UUS has also introduced problems such as duplicated infrastructure, functional deficiencies, and underutilized spaces. Fundamentally, these issues result from imbalances between the supply and demand for UUS, a phenomenon particularly pronounced in the central areas of major cities. Therefore, employing scientific methods to accurately identify and quantify these gaps is crucial. Leveraging recent advances in remote sensing and point-of-interest (POI) data, this study constructs a multi-source data-driven framework for assessing UUS supply–demand relationships, applied using a grid-based analysis to the central urban area of Nanjing. The results indicate that both the highest supply capacity and demand intensity occur in Xinjiekou Street in Nanjing’s Old City. Most high and medium–high supply and demand zones are concentrated in the Old City. Areas with prominent supply–demand conflicts are identified and classified into five types using the Jenks natural breaks method, further categorized into three groups based on their spatial characteristics, with tailored development strategies proposed accordingly. The proposed evaluation framework provides a robust scientific approach for analyzing UUS supply–demand relationships, offering significant theoretical and practical value for refined urban governance in large cities with extensive data availability.

Keywords: urban underground space; supply–demand; remote sensing; Nanjing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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