Measuring Local Climate Effects of Institutional Gardens in Budapest

Vera Takácsné Zajacz (), Imola Gecséné Tar, Anita Reith, Anas Tuffaha, Katalin Takács, Zsuzsanna Mikházi and Ágnes Sallay
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Vera Takácsné Zajacz: Department for Garden and Open Space Design, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
Imola Gecséné Tar: Department of Garden Art and Landscape Design, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
Anita Reith: Department for Garden and Open Space Design, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
Anas Tuffaha: Department of Landscape Planning and Regional Development, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
Katalin Takács: Department of Garden Art and Landscape Design, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
Zsuzsanna Mikházi: Institute of Landscape Architecture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
Ágnes Sallay: Department of Landscape Planning and Regional Development, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-22

Abstract: Climate change significantly affects the well-being of urban populations. Thus, there is an increasing need for public green spaces in cities, as biologically active surfaces play a critical role in modifying the urban climate—cooling temperatures and providing shelter. Some institutional gardens, like cemeteries and hospital gardens, are hidden treasures: they are open but excluded from citizens’ mental maps, while usually having a rich green mass. This article aims to explore these hidden green surface elements, presenting their advantages and disadvantages by measuring their local climate effects. Three institutional gardens located in different urban environments were selected for analysis in the sample area of Budapest to explore how the surrounding built-up areas of the city modify the urban climate. The climate analyses were prepared with the ENVI-met climate simulation program. In the case of both hospital gardens and cemeteries, our studies show that their green spaces have great potential to increase the sense of comfort for both users of the green spaces and inhabitants of the neighborhood. In densely built-up urban areas, it is particularly important to involve institutional green spaces in public use, because with appropriate development they can contribute to cities’ adaptation to climate change.

Keywords: urban well-being; institutional gardens; urban cemeteries; hospital gardens; ENVI-met analysis; climate simulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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