Agroecological Determinants of Yield Performance in Mid-Early Potato Varieties: Evidence from Multi-Location Trials in Poland

Piotr Pszczółkowski, Barbara Sawicka (), Parwiz Niazi, Piotr Barbaś and Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
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Piotr Pszczółkowski: Research Centre for Cultivar Testing, Słupia Wielka 34, 63-022 Słupia Wielka, Poland
Barbara Sawicka: Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Parwiz Niazi: Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Kandahar University, Kandahar 3801, Afghanistan
Piotr Barbaś: Department of Potato Agronomy, Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization–National Research Institute, Branch Jadwisin, Szaniawskiego 15 Str., 05-140 Serock, Poland
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak: Department of Food Production and Safety, State Academy of Applied Sciences in Krosno, Rynek 1, 38-400 Krosno, Poland

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-40

Abstract: Potatoes are a strategic crop in Poland, particularly important for agriculture in the southern and southeastern parts of the country. Environmental variability makes assessing yield stability and quality traits of varieties crucial for food security. Research Objective and Methodology: This three-year field study (2021–2023) aimed to comprehensively assess the yield stability and quality traits of mid-early potato varieties. The research was conducted in four pedologically diverse locations (rendzinas, brown soils, alluvial soils, and pseudopodzolic soils), according to the COBORU methodology. Key yield parameters (total and marketable tuber yield) and quality traits (dry-matter and starch content and yield) were analyzed. Interregional stability was also assessed. The environmental characteristics were supplemented with detailed analyses of soil physicochemical and biological properties, monitoring of agroclimatic parameters, and an assessment of the impact of geographical location. The collected data was subjected to advanced statistical analyses (ANOVA, correlations, descriptive statistics). Results analyses revealed significant yield variation across soil types, with the highest yields on alluvial soils and the lowest on pseudopodzolic soils. Geographic location significantly influenced yield stability, highlighting the role of local factors. Strong correlations were also found between soil properties and starch content (r = 0.61–0.73), indicating a key influence of the soil matrix on tuber quality. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study provides practical recommendations for selecting potato varieties adapted to specific soil types, precision fertilization strategies, and climate-change-adaptation protocols. Further research should focus on the impact of extreme weather events, optimized water management, and the use of precision agriculture.

Keywords: geographic locations; potato varieties; yield stability; soil properties; dry mass; starch (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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