Clustering Comfort: A Cluster Analysis on Housing Conditions and Nature-Based Solutions in Polish Cities

Anita Walter, Alice Wanner () and Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider
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Anita Walter: Insistute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, BOKU University, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Alice Wanner: Insistute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, BOKU University, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider: Insistute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, BOKU University, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria

Land, 2025, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: As cities struggle to balance affordable housing, sufficient public green space, climate change, and rising temperatures, the urgency for planners to integrate nature-based solutions into urban strategies is magnified. In Poland, social inequalities and neighborhoods with limited access to green areas often characterize cities. Urban strategies are needed to increase environmental justice and mitigate climate change impacts. In a survey conducted in Poland ( n = 963), a cluster analysis identified four groups based on their living situations, rating of green spaces, and climate change. The results illustrate differences in perceived impacts of heat waves with one group demonstrating a high tolerance towards heat waves, although they live in unfavorable housing conditions. Green space use varies depending on accessibility and distribution in their neighborhoods. Context-sensitive planning is required to ensure more equitable urban planning in Polish cities, which allocates for both the environmental and social needs of the city.

Keywords: nature-based solutions; Poland; climate change; cluster analysis; housing conditions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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