Deforestation and Forest Degradation as an Environmental Behavior: Unpacking Realities Shaping Community Actions

Lalisa A. Duguma, Joanes Atela, Peter A. Minang, Alemayehu N. Ayana, Belachew Gizachew, Judith M. Nzyoka and Florence Bernard
Additional contact information
Lalisa A. Duguma: World Agroforestry Centre & ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, UN Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Joanes Atela: African Centre for Technology Studies ICIPE, Duduville Campus, Kasarani, Nairobi P.O. Box 45917, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Peter A. Minang: World Agroforestry Centre & ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, UN Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Alemayehu N. Ayana: Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 24536, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia
Belachew Gizachew: Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 8, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
Judith M. Nzyoka: World Agroforestry Centre & ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, UN Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Florence Bernard: World Agroforestry Centre & ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, UN Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya

Land, 2019, vol. 8, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: Deforestation and forest degradation (D&D) in the tropics have continued unabated and are posing serious threats to forests and the livelihoods of those who depend on forests and forest resources. Smallholder farmers are often implicated in scientific literature and policy documents as important agents of D&D. However, there is scanty information on why smallholders exploit forests and what the key drivers are. We employed behavioral sciences approaches that capture contextual factors, attitudinal factors, and routine practices that shape decisions by smallholder farmers. Data was collected using household surveys and focus group discussions in two case study forests—Menagesha Suba Forest in Ethiopia and Maasai Mau Forest in Kenya. Our findings indicate that factors that forced farmers to engage in D&D were largely contextual, i.e., sociodemographic, production factors constraint, as well as policies and governance issues with some influences of routine practices such as wood extraction for fuelwood and construction. Those factors can be broadly aggregated as necessity-driven, market-driven, and governance-driven. In the forests studied, D&D are largely due to necessity needs and governance challenges. Though most factors are intrinsic to smallholders’ context, the extent and impact on D&D were largely aggravated by factors outside the forest landscape. Therefore, policy efforts to reduce D&D should carefully scrutinize the context, the factors, and the associated enablers to reduce forest losses under varying socioeconomic, biophysical, and resource governance conditions.

Keywords: behavior; deforestation; drivers; forest degradation; livelihoods (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (11)

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