People-Centric Nature-Based Land Restoration through Agroforestry: A Typology

Meine van Noordwijk, Vincent Gitz, Peter A. Minang, Sonya Dewi, Beria Leimona, Lalisa Duguma, Nathanaël Pingault and Alexandre Meybeck
Additional contact information
Meine van Noordwijk: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor 16155, Indonesia
Vincent Gitz: Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16115, Indonesia
Peter A. Minang: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Sonya Dewi: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor 16155, Indonesia
Beria Leimona: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Bogor 16155, Indonesia
Lalisa Duguma: World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
Nathanaël Pingault: Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16115, Indonesia
Alexandre Meybeck: Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16115, Indonesia

Land, 2020, vol. 9, issue 8, 1-29

Abstract: Restoration depends on purpose and context. At the core it entails innovation to halt ongoing and reverse past degradation. It aims for increased functionality, not necessarily recovering past system states. Location-specific interventions in social-ecological systems reducing proximate pressures, need to synergize with transforming generic drivers of unsustainable land use. After reviewing pantropical international research on forests, trees, and agroforestry, we developed an options-by-context typology. Four intensities of land restoration interact: R.I. Ecological intensification within a land use system, R.II. Recovery/regeneration, within a local social-ecological system, R.III. Reparation/recuperation, requiring a national policy context, R.IV. Remediation, requiring international support and investment. Relevant interventions start from core values of human identity while addressing five potential bottlenecks: Rights, Know-how, Markets (inputs, outputs, credit), Local Ecosystem Services (including water, agrobiodiversity, micro/mesoclimate) and Teleconnections (global climate change, biodiversity). Six stages of forest transition (from closed old-growth forest to open-field agriculture and re-treed (peri)urban landscapes) can contextualize interventions, with six special places: water towers, riparian zone and wetlands, peat landscapes, small islands and mangroves, transport infrastructure, and mining scars. The typology can help to link knowledge with action in people-centric restoration in which external stakeholders coinvest, reflecting shared responsibility for historical degradation and benefits from environmental stewardship.

Keywords: assisted natural regeneration (ANR); co-investment; ecosystem services; environmental stewardship; equity; forest and landscape restoration (FLR); landscape approach; rights-based approach; tree planting; water (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q15 Q2 Q24 Q28 Q5 R14 R52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (11)

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