The Right to Be Oneself: The International and Italian Situation Regarding Gender Incongruence, Focusing on Legislation, Rights, Access to Care, and Appropriateness

Nicola Di Fazio, Giuseppe Delogu, Miriam Ottaviani, Gianpietro Volonnino (), Mauro Arcangeli, Fabio Del Duca, Biancamaria Treves () and Raffaele La Russa
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Nicola Di Fazio: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Giuseppe Delogu: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Miriam Ottaviani: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Gianpietro Volonnino: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Mauro Arcangeli: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Fabio Del Duca: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Biancamaria Treves: Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Raffaele La Russa: Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy

Laws, 2024, vol. 14, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Gender incongruence is a current issue with implications in the legislative, social, and healthcare fields. In this context, misinformation is, at present, the main enemy of transgender rights equity. Over time, the scientific community has worked to reclassify this condition, removing it from psychiatric diagnoses. The method of our work involved investigating and comparing the different social and legislative measures adopted by various countries to ensure the rights and equality of individuals with gender incongruence. The result showed that there are various international approaches allowing adult and minor patients to access medical and administrative procedures for gender transition. In conclusion, there appears to be a need for international bioethical and legislative guidance in order to reduce and eventually eliminate the social inequalities faced by individuals with gender incongruence.

Keywords: gender incongruence; human rights; transgender; transsexualism; gender disphorya; puberty blockers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D78 E61 E62 F13 F42 F68 K0 K1 K2 K3 K4 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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