Enhancing Marine Environmental Protection Enforcement in Taiwan: Legal and Policy Reforms in the Context of International Conventions

Shu-Hong Lin () and Yu-Cheng Wang
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Shu-Hong Lin: Institute of Ocean Technology & Marine Affairs, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 701401, China
Yu-Cheng Wang: Institute of Ocean Technology & Marine Affairs, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan 701401, China

Laws, 2025, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-23

Abstract: The Marine Pollution Control Act (MPCA) in Taiwan aims to align with international conventions such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (FUNDs), and the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM). However, Taiwan’s particular international status prevents formal participation in these treaties. This study evaluates Taiwan’s legal and institutional frameworks on ship emission control, pollution liability and compensation, and interagency coordination, identifying key gaps compared with global standards. By analyzing Japan’s and South Korea’s best practices in port management, cross-border pollution prevention, and vessel monitoring, this study proposes legal and policy reforms that are tailored to Taiwan. Recommendations include strengthening liability mechanisms, enhancing interagency collaboration, monitoring vessels, and fostering regional cooperation. Our findings suggest that these reforms will improve Taiwan’s marine environmental governance and contribute to regional and global ocean sustainability.

Keywords: marine environmental governance; marine pollution prevention and control; legal framework for marine protection in Taiwan; international conventions for marine pollution control; marine pollution liability and compensation; marine environmental law and policy reforms; transboundary marine pollution governance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D78 E61 E62 F13 F42 F68 K0 K1 K2 K3 K4 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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