Optimizing Cargo Securing Layouts on General Cargo Ships Using Lashing Lines Through Comparison of International Maritime Standards

José M. Pérez-Canosa (), Will van’t Hek, M. Natividad López López and José A. Orosa
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José M. Pérez-Canosa: Department of Navigation Sciences and Marine Engineering, University of A Coruña, Paseo de Ronda, 51, 15011 A Coruña, Spain
Will van’t Hek: Videck, Kaldenkerkerweg, 59, 5913 AE Venlo, The Netherlands
M. Natividad López López: Department of Navigation Sciences and Marine Engineering, University of A Coruña, Paseo de Ronda, 51, 15011 A Coruña, Spain
José A. Orosa: Department of Navigation Sciences and Marine Engineering, University of A Coruña, Paseo de Ronda, 51, 15011 A Coruña, Spain

Logistics, 2025, vol. 9, issue 3, 1-29

Abstract: Background : The cargo stowage and securing plan for non-standardized cargo is vital for ensuring safety at sea, as improper placement or inadequate lashing can compromise maritime transport safety. Due to the diverse size and type of cargo, efficient planning is also essential to optimize space utilization and improve the economic performance of general cargo vessels. Methods : This paper presents a novel methodology to identify the optimal cargo securing layout using lashing lines that comply with international standards while minimizing deck space usage. A comparative analysis of two major securing guidelines was conducted to determine the stricter and safer standard. Results : The optimization approach was validated with real-world case studies, revealing the most effective securing configurations. These are defined by the optimal combination of vertical and horizontal lashing angles, which secure cargo in any stowage position by balancing longitudinal and transverse forces while minimizing occupied deck area. Additionally, novel graphs and 3D maps are introduced to illustrate the relationships between key securing parameters. Conclusions : The obtained results and the visual tools enhance understanding and provide practical support for lashing planners, facilitating safer and more efficient cargo securing decisions.

Keywords: optimization; stowage and lashing planning; cargo securing; accelerations and forces; maritime international standards (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L8 L80 L81 L86 L87 L9 L90 L91 L92 L93 L98 L99 M1 M10 M11 M16 M19 R4 R40 R41 R49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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