Container Traffic in the Colombian Caribbean: A Competitiveness Analysis of the Port of Santa Marta Through a Technical–Economic Combination Framework

Adriana del Socorro Pabón Noguera (), María del Mar Cerbán Jiménez and Juan Jesús Ruiz Aguilar ()
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Adriana del Socorro Pabón Noguera: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Magdalena (Unimagdalena), Santa Marta 470001, Colombia
María del Mar Cerbán Jiménez: Department of General Economics, Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11202 Algeciras, Spain
Juan Jesús Ruiz Aguilar: Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Algeciras School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), University of Cádiz, 11202 Algeciras, Spain

Logistics, 2025, vol. 9, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: Background: The Port of Santa Marta, located on Colombia’s northern Caribbean coast, plays a vital role in the country’s maritime trade, particularly in the export of agricultural and perishable goods. This raises the question: how competitive is Santa Marta’s container terminal compared to national and regional ports, and what strategic factors shape its performance within the Colombia and Latin American maritime logistics system? Methods : This study evaluates the port’s competitiveness by applying Porter’s Extended Diamond Model. A mixed-methods ap-proach was employed, combining structured surveys and interviews with port stakeholders and operational data analysis. A competitiveness matrix was developed and examined using standardized residuals and L1 regression to identify critical performance gaps and strengths. Results : The analysis reveals several competitive advantages, including the port’s strategic location, natural deep-water access, and advanced infrastructure for refrigerated cargo. It also benefits from skilled labour and proximity to global shipping routes, such as the Panama Canal. Nonetheless, challenges remain in storage capacity, limited road connectivity, and insufficient public investment in hinterland infrastructure. Conclusions: While the Port of Santa Marta shows strong maritime capabilities and spe-cialized services, addressing its land-side and institutional constraints is essential for positioning it as a resilient, competitive logistics hub in the Latin American and Caribbean region.

Keywords: competitiveness; container terminal; Colombian Caribbean ports; Santa Marta; efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L8 L80 L81 L86 L87 L9 L90 L91 L92 L93 L98 L99 M1 M10 M11 M16 M19 R4 R40 R41 R49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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