On the Probability of Finding Extremes in a Random Set

Anișoara Maria Răducan, Constanța Zoie Rădulescu, Marius Rădulescu and Gheorghiță Zbăganu
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Anișoara Maria Răducan: “Gheorghe Mihoc-Caius Iacob” Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics of the Romanian Academy, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
Constanța Zoie Rădulescu: National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics, 011455 Bucharest, Romania
Marius Rădulescu: “Gheorghe Mihoc-Caius Iacob” Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics of the Romanian Academy, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
Gheorghiță Zbăganu: “Gheorghe Mihoc-Caius Iacob” Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics of the Romanian Academy, 050711 Bucharest, Romania

Mathematics, 2022, vol. 10, issue 10, 1-24

Abstract: We consider a sequence Z j j ≥ 1 of i.i.d. d -dimensional random vectors and for every n ≥ 1 consider the sample S n = { Z 1 , Z 2 , … , Z n } . We say that Z j is a “leader” in the sample S n if Z j ≥ Z k , ∀ k ∈ { 1 , 2 , … , n } and Z j is an “anti-leader” if Z j ≤ Z k , ∀ k ∈ { 1 , 2 , … , n } . After all, the leader and the anti-leader are the naive extremes. Let a n be the probability that S n has a leader, b n be the probability that S n has an anti-leader and c n be the probability that S n has both a leader and an anti-leader. One of the aims of the paper is to compute, or, at least to estimate, or if even that is not possible, to estimate the limits of this quantities. Another goal is to find conditions on the distribution F of Z j j ≥ 1 so that the inferior limits of a n , b n , c n are positive. We give examples of distributions for which we can compute these probabilities and also examples when we are not able to do that. Then we establish conditions, unfortunately only sufficient when the limits are positive. Doing that we discovered a lot of open questions and we make two annoying conjectures—annoying because they seemed to be obvious but at a second thought we were not able to prove them. It seems that these problems have never been approached in the literature.

Keywords: stochastic order; random vector; multivariate distributions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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