Conjugate Natural Convection of a Hybrid Nanofluid in a Cavity Filled with Porous and Non-Newtonian Layers: The Impact of the Power Law Index

Mohamed Omri, Muhammad Jamal, Shafqat Hussain, Lioua Kolsi and Chemseddine Maatki
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Mohamed Omri: Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jedda 21589, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Jamal: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Shafqat Hussain: Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Lioua Kolsi: Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Ha’il University, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
Chemseddine Maatki: Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia

Mathematics, 2022, vol. 10, issue 12, 1-20

Abstract: This study deals with the effect of the power law index on the convective heat transfer of hybrid nanofluids in a square cavity divided into three layers. The effect of a solid fluid layer is also given attention. A two-dimensional system of partial differential equations is discretized by using the generalized finite element method (FEM). A FEM having cubic polynomials (P3) is employed to approximate the temperature and velocity components, whereas the pressure is approached using quadratic finite element functions. The discretized set of equations have been solved using Newton’s method. The numerical code which is used in this study has been validated by comparing with experimental findings. Mathematical simulations are performed for different sets of parameters, including the Rayleigh number (between 10 3 and 10 6 ), the power law index (between 0.6 to 1.8 ), Darcy number (between 10 − 6 to 10 − 2 ), undulation (between 1 and 5) and the thermal conductivity ratio (between 0.1 and 10). The results infer that a remarkable penetration of streamlines is figured out towards the porous hybrid layer as the power law index is increased. The average N u increases with increasing R a , and the maximum value is noted at R a = 10 6 . There is no much alteration observed for isotherms at the solid layer by increasing D a . The average N u decreases by increasing the undulations. The rate of heat transfer is enhanced at the heated boundary and solid fluid interface of the cavity by raising the ratio of thermal conductivity.

Keywords: natural convection; hybrid nanofluids; power law; porous medium; layers; Galerkin FEM (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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