Bistability and Robustness for Virus Infection Models with Nonmonotonic Immune Responses in Viral Infection Systems

Tengfei Wang, Shaoli Wang and Fei Xu
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Tengfei Wang: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
Shaoli Wang: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
Fei Xu: Department of Mathematics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada

Mathematics, 2022, vol. 10, issue 12, 1-20

Abstract: Recently, bistable viral infection systems have attracted increased attention. In this paper, we study bistability and robustness for virus infection models with nonmonotonic immune responses in viral infection systems. The results show that the existing transcritical bifurcation undergoes backward or forward bifurcation in viral infection models with nonmonotonic immune responses. Our investigation demonstrates that the backward bifurcation threshold is the elite control threshold. When the immune intensity is greater than the elite control threshold, the virus will be under elite control; when the immune intensity is less than the elite control threshold, the virus may rebound. We also give a new definition of robustness to characterize bistable systems.

Keywords: nonmonotonic immune response; saddle-node bifurcation; backward bifurcation; forward bifurcation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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