A Feasible Method to Control Left Ventricular Assist Devices for Heart Failure Patients: A Numerical Study

Mohsen Bakouri, Ahmad Alassaf, Khaled Alshareef, Amor Smida, Ibrahim AlMohimeed, Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Mohamed Abdelkader Aboamer and Yousef Alharbi
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Mohsen Bakouri: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Alassaf: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Khaled Alshareef: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Amor Smida: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim AlMohimeed: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Abdulrahman Alqahtani: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Abdelkader Aboamer: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Yousef Alharbi: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia

Mathematics, 2022, vol. 10, issue 13, 1-17

Abstract: Installing and developing a sophisticated control system to optimize left ventricular assist device (LVAD) pump speed to meet changes in metabolic demand is essential for advancing LVAD technology. This paper aims to design and implement a physiological control method for LVAD pumps to provide optimal cardiac output. The method is designed to adjust the pump speed by regulating the pump flow based on a predefined set point (operating point). The Frank–Starling mechanism technique was adopted to control the set point within a safe operating zone (green square), and it mimics the physiological demand of the patient. This zone is predefined by preload control lines, which are known as preload lines. A proportional–integral (PI) controller was utilized to control the operating point within safe limits to prevent suction or overperfusion. In addition, a PI type 1 fuzzy logic controller was designed and implemented to drive the LVAD pump. To evaluate the design method, rest, moderate, and exercise scenarios of heart failure (HF) were simulated by varying the hemodynamic parameters in one cardiac cycle. This evaluation was conducted using a lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system (CVS). The results demonstrated that the proposed control method efficiently drives an LVAD pump under accepted clinical conditions. In both scenarios, the left ventricle pressure recorded 112 mmHg for rest and 55 mmHg for exercise, and the systematic flow recorded 5.5 L/min for rest and 1.75 L/min for exercise.

Keywords: ventricular assist devices; heart failure; fuzzy logic control; physiological control; Frank–Starling mechanism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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