A New Robust and Secure 3-Level Digital Image Watermarking Method Based on G-BAT Hybrid Optimization

Kilari Jyothsna Devi, Priyanka Singh, Jatindra Kumar Dash, Hiren Kumar Thakkar, José Santamaría (), Musalreddy Venkata Jayanth Krishna and Antonio Romero-Manchado
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Kilari Jyothsna Devi: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
Priyanka Singh: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
Jatindra Kumar Dash: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
Hiren Kumar Thakkar: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
José Santamaría: Department of Computer Science, University of Jaén, 23001 Jaén, Spain
Musalreddy Venkata Jayanth Krishna: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
Antonio Romero-Manchado: Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy, and Photogrammetry, University of Jaén, 23001 Jaén, Spain

Mathematics, 2022, vol. 10, issue 16, 1-23

Abstract: This contribution applies tools from the information theory and soft computing (SC) paradigms to the embedding and extraction of watermarks in aerial remote sensing (RS) images to protect copyright. By the time 5G came along, Internet usage had already grown exponentially. Regarding copyright protection, the most important responsibility of the digital image watermarking (DIW) approach is to provide authentication and security for digital content. In this paper, our main goal is to provide authentication and security to aerial RS images transmitted over the Internet by the proposal of a hybrid approach using both the redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and the singular value decomposition (SVD) schemes for DIW. Specifically, SC is adopted in this work for the numerical optimization of critical parameters. Moreover, 1-level RDWT and SVD are applied on digital cover image and singular matrices of LH and HL sub-bands are selected for watermark embedding. Further selected singular matrices S L H and S H L are split into 3 × 3 non-overlapping blocks, and diagonal positions are used for watermark embedding. Three-level symmetric encryption with low computational cost is used to ensure higher watermark security. A hybrid grasshopper–BAT (G-BAT) SC-based optimization algorithm is also proposed in order to achieve high quality DIW outcomes, and a broad comparison against other methods in the state-of-the-art is provided. The experimental results have demonstrated that our proposal provides high levels of imperceptibility, robustness, embedding capacity and security when dealing with DIW of aerial RS images, even higher than the state-of-the-art methods.

Keywords: aerial images; RDWT–SVD; digital image watermarking; random key; grasshopper; bat; hybrid optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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