A Cluster-Tree-Based Secure Routing Protocol Using Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) in the Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart Agriculture

Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Jawad Tanveer, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Efat Yousefpoor, Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor, Faheem Khan () and Amir Haider ()
Additional contact information
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh: Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
Jawad Tanveer: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Amir Masoud Rahmani: Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Douliu 64002, Taiwan
Efat Yousefpoor: Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful 5716963896, Iran
Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor: Department of Computer Engineering, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful 5716963896, Iran
Faheem Khan: Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
Amir Haider: School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea

Mathematics, 2022, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-25

Abstract: The Internet of Things defines a global and comprehensive network whose task is to monitor and control the physical world by collecting, processing, and analyzing data sensed by IoT devices. This network has succeeded in various areas, and one of its most important applications is in smart agriculture because there are many demands for producing high-quality foodstuff in the world. These demands need new production schemes in the agriculture area. In IoT, communication security is essential due to the extensive heterogeneity of IoT devices. In this paper, a cluster-tree-based secure routing approach using the dragonfly algorithm (CTSRD) is proposed for IoT. The proposed scheme presents a distributed and lightweight trust mechanism called weighted trust (W-Trust). W-Trust reduces the trust value corresponding to malicious nodes based on a penalty coefficient to isolate this node in the network. Furthermore, it improves the trust value of honest IoT devices based on a reward coefficient. Additionally, CTSRD introduces a trust-based clustering process called T-Clustering. In this clustering process, cluster head nodes (CHs) are selected among honest IoT nodes. Finally, CTSRD establishes a routing tree based on the dragonfly algorithm (DA) between CHs. This tree is called DA-Tree. To evaluate the quality of the routing tree, a new fitness function is provided in CTSRD. DA-Tree finds a secure, stable, and optimal routing tree to balance the consumed energy and boost the network lifetime. CTSRD is compared with EEMSR and E-BEENISH with regard to the network lifetime, consumed energy, and packet delivery rate. This comparison shows that our scheme can uniformly distribute the consumed energy in IoT and improves the energy consumption and network lifetime. However, it has a slightly lower packet delivery rate than EEMSR.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT); smart agriculture; routing; dragonfly algorithm (DA); wireless sensors networks (WSNs) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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