Hierarchical Control Strategy with Battery Dynamic Consideration for a Dual Fuel Cell/Battery Tramway

Tri-Cuong Do, Hoai-An Trinh and Kyoung-Kwan Ahn ()
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Tri-Cuong Do: School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
Hoai-An Trinh: School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
Kyoung-Kwan Ahn: School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea

Mathematics, 2023, vol. 11, issue 10, 1-19

Abstract: This paper proposes a hierarchical energy control strategy for a hybrid dual fuel cell/battery tramway, combining online and offline optimization methods while considering the battery’s dynamic behavior. In the upper layer, an online band-pass filter-based extremum-seeking control (BFESC) is employed to estimate the reference power between the dual fuel cell system and battery. In addition, the battery’s dynamic behavior is considered a penalty function of the BFESC to maintain its parameters within the desired boundaries. In the middle layer, the power requirement for each fuel cell system is calculated by using an offline method called the map search method. Finally, the fuel cell and battery provide the required power to the DC bus through DC/DC converters, which are controlled by PID controllers in the lower layer. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, a simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink. The results demonstrate that the dual fuel cell/battery system under the control of the proposed energy management strategy (EMS) can operate efficiently while improving the battery’s durability. The efficiency of the fuel cell system when using the proposed EMS was lower than 4% compared with the non-constraint EMS. However, the capacity loss of the battery could improve up to 25.9% in high-current and high-SOC cases.

Keywords: extremum-seeking control; battery degradation; hydrogen tramway (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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