Enhancing Sustainability in Belize’s Ecotourism Sector: A Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL Investigation of Key Indicators

Marvin Ruano, Chien-Yi Huang, Phi-Hung Nguyen (), Lan-Anh Thi Nguyen, Hong-Quan Le and Linh-Chi Tran
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Marvin Ruano: Department of Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
Chien-Yi Huang: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
Phi-Hung Nguyen: Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Lan-Anh Thi Nguyen: Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Hong-Quan Le: Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
Linh-Chi Tran: Research Center of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Business, FPT University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

Mathematics, 2023, vol. 11, issue 13, 1-29

Abstract: Sustainable ecotourism has become a strategy to balance tourism growth with environmental and sociocultural considerations. This study aims to propose an integrated approach of the Delphi technique and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) based on fuzzy set theory to investigate sustainable ecotourism indicators in Belize. The study covers six dimensions: environmental, social, cultural, economic, political, and intrinsic. Firstly, the Fuzzy Delphi technique constructs a comprehensive set of indicators with expert consensus, resulting in 51 relevant and representative indicators out of the initial 63. Secondly, the Fuzzy DEMATEL approach is then applied to analyze the interdependencies among indicators and identify their causal relationships, providing insights into the complex dynamics of sustainable ecotourism in Belize. The results provide a structured decision-making framework to prioritize actions, allocate resources effectively, and promote sustainable practices in the ecotourism sector. Therefore, these findings enhance the understanding of indicator interconnections across dimensions, enabling informed decision making for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers. Policymakers can develop policies and regulations that foster sustainable practices, while industry practitioners can enhance visitor experiences, engage with local communities, and ensure the industry’s long-term viability. Researchers can further investigate specific dimensions and indicators to advance the knowledge and implementation of sustainable ecotourism. Finally, this investigation supports the goal of achieving a harmonious and sustainable balance between tourism development and environmental preservation in Belize. By safeguarding the natural and cultural heritage of the region, sustainable ecotourism can benefit present and future generations.

Keywords: Belize; ecotourism; sustainable; MCDM; fuzzy set theory; Delphi; DEMATEL (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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