Multivariate Forecasting Model for COVID-19 Spread Based on Possible Scenarios in Ecuador

Juan Guamán, Karen Portilla, Paúl Arias-Muñoz, Gabriel Jácome, Santiago Cabrera, Luis Álvarez, Bolívar Batallas, Hernán Cadena and Juan Carlos García ()
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Juan Guamán: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Karen Portilla: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Paúl Arias-Muñoz: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Gabriel Jácome: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Santiago Cabrera: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Luis Álvarez: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Bolívar Batallas: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Hernán Cadena: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
Juan Carlos García: Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Av. 17 de Julio 5-21 y Gral. José María Córdova, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador

Mathematics, 2023, vol. 11, issue 23, 1-13

Abstract: So far, about 770.1 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been counted by August 2023, and around 7 million deaths have been reported from these cases to the World Health Organization. In Ecuador, the first confirmed COVID-19 case was registered on 19 February 2020, and the country’s mortality rate reached 0.43% with 12986 deaths, suggesting the need to establish a mechanism to show the virus spread in advance. This study aims to build a dynamic model adapted to health and socio-environmental variables as a multivariate model to understand the virus expansion among the population. The model is based on Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR), which is a standard model in which the population is divided into six groups with parameters such as susceptible S(t), transit stage E(t), infected I(t), recovered R(t), deceased Me(t), infected asymptomatic Ia(t), infected symptomatic Is(t) and deceased by other causes M(t) to be considered and adapted. The model was validated by using consistent data from Chile and run by inconsistent data from Ecuador. The forecast error was analyzed based on the mean absolute error between real data and model forecast, showing errors within a range from 6.33% to 8.41% for Chile, with confidence a interval of 6.17%, then 3.87% to 4.70% range for Ecuador with a confidence interval of 2.59% until 23rd December 2020 of the database. The model forecasts exponential variations in biosecurity measures, exposed population, and vaccination.

Keywords: COVID-19; dynamic model; SIR; forecast; exposed population; biosecurity measures (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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