Analysis and Optimal Control Measures of a Typhoid Fever Mathematical Model for Two Socio-Economic Populations

Stephen Ekwueme Aniaku, Obiora Cornelius Collins and Ifeanyi Sunday Onah ()
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Stephen Ekwueme Aniaku: Department of Mathematics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410105, Nigeria
Obiora Cornelius Collins: Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
Ifeanyi Sunday Onah: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Mathematics and Statistics Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QW, UK

Mathematics, 2023, vol. 11, issue 23, 1-24

Abstract: Typhoid fever is an infectious disease that affects humanity worldwide; it is particularly dangerous in areas with communities of a lower socio-economic status, where many individuals are exposed to a dirty environment and unclean food. A mathematical model is formulated to analyze the impact of control measures such as vaccination of susceptible humans, treatment of infected humans and sanitation in different socio-economic communities. The model assumed that the population comprises of two socio-economic classes. The essential dynamical system analysis of our model was appropriately carried out. The impact of the control measures was analyzed, and the optimal control theory was applied on the control model to explore the impact of the different control measures. Numerical simulation of the models and the optimal controls were carried out and the obtained results indicate that the overall combination of the control measures eradicates typhoid fever in the population, but the controls are more optimal in higher socio-economic status communities.

Keywords: typhoid fever; reproduction number; stability analysis; optimal control; numerical analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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