Innovative AVR-LFC Design for a Multi-Area Power System Using Hybrid Fractional-Order PI and PIDD 2 Controllers Based on Dandelion Optimizer

Mohammed Alharbi, Muhammad Ragab, Kareem M. AboRas, Hossam Kotb, Masoud Dashtdar, Mokhtar Shouran and Elmazeg Elgamli ()
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Mohammed Alharbi: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Ragab: Department of Electrical Power and Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
Kareem M. AboRas: Department of Electrical Power and Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
Hossam Kotb: Department of Electrical Power and Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
Masoud Dashtdar: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdullah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
Mokhtar Shouran: Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
Elmazeg Elgamli: Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK

Mathematics, 2023, vol. 11, issue 6, 1-45

Abstract: In this article, the problem of voltage and frequency stability in a hybrid multi-area power system including renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles has been investigated. Fractional order systems have been used to design innovative controllers for both load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) based on the combination of fractional order proportional-integral and proportional-integral-derivative plus double derivative (FOPI–PIDD 2 ). Here, the dandelion optimizer (DO) algorithm is used to optimize the proposed FOPI–PIDD 2 controller to stabilize the voltage and frequency of the system. Finally, the results of simulations performed on MATLAB/Simulink show fast, stable, and robust performance based on sensitivity analysis, as well as the superiority of the proposed optimal control strategy in damping frequency fluctuations and active power, exchanged between areas when faced with step changes in load, the changes in the generation rate of units, and the uncertainties caused by the wide changes of dynamic values.

Keywords: voltage and frequency stability; renewable energy; PIDD 2 controller; FO controllers; optimization techniques; microgrid; electric vehicles (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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