Optimization of Drone Base Station Location for the Next-Generation Internet-of-Things Using a Pre-Trained Deep Learning Algorithm and NOMA

Hadeel Alsolai, Wafa Mtouaa, Mashael S. Maashi, Mahmoud Othman, Ishfaq Yaseen (), Amani A. Alneil, Azza Elneil Osman and Mohamed Ibrahim Alsaid
Additional contact information
Hadeel Alsolai: Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Wafa Mtouaa: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir 62529, Saudi Arabia
Mashael S. Maashi: Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 103786, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia
Mahmoud Othman: Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information Technology, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
Ishfaq Yaseen: Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Amani A. Alneil: Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Azza Elneil Osman: Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Ibrahim Alsaid: Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj 11942, Saudi Arabia

Mathematics, 2023, vol. 11, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: Next-generation Internet-of-Things applications pose challenges for sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks, involving large bandwidth, increased network capabilities, and remarkably low latency. The possibility of using ultra-dense connectivity to address the existing problem was previously well-acknowledged. Therefore, placing base stations (BSs) is economically challenging. Drone-based stations can efficiently address Next-generation Internet-of-Things requirements while accelerating growth and expansion. Due to their versatility, they can also manage brief network development or offer on-demand connectivity in emergency scenarios. On the other hand, identifying a drone stations are a complex procedure due to the limited energy supply and rapid signal quality degradation in air-to-ground links. The proposed method uses a two-layer optimizer based on a pre-trained VGG-19 model to overcome these issues. The non-orthogonal multiple access protocol improves network performance. Initially, it uses a powerful two-layer optimizer that employs a population of micro-swarms. Next, it automatically develops a lightweight deep model with a few VGG-19 convolutional filters. Finally, non-orthogonal multiple access is used to schedule radio and power resources to devices, which improves network performance. We specifically examine how three scenarios execute when various Cuckoo Search, Grey Wolf Optimization, and Particle Swarm Optimization techniques are used. To measure the various methodologies, we also run non-parametric statistical tests, such as the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. The proposed method also evaluates the accuracy level for network performance of DBSs using number of Devices. The proposed method achieves better performance of 98.44% compared with other methods.

Keywords: drone base station; mobile communications; swarm intelligence; pre-trained CNN; convolutional neural networks; deep learning; VGG-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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