An Enhanced Extremum Seeking-Based Energy Management Strategy with Equivalent State for Hybridized-Electric Tramway-Powered by Fuel Cell–Battery–Supercapacitors

Hoai Vu Anh Truong, Hoai An Trinh, Tri Cuong Do, Manh Hung Nguyen, Phan Van Du and Kyoung Kwan Ahn ()
Additional contact information
Hoai Vu Anh Truong: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
Hoai An Trinh: Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Tri Cuong Do: College of Technology and Design, University of Economics, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Manh Hung Nguyen: School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
Phan Van Du: School of Engineering and Technology, Vinh University, Vinh 43108, Vietnam
Kyoung Kwan Ahn: School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea

Mathematics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 12, 1-22

Abstract: This article proposes a novel real-time optimization-based energy management strategy (EMS) for proton membrane exchange fuel cell (PEMFC)-battery-supercapacitors-driven hybridized-electric tramways (HETs). The proposed algorithm is derived based on an enhanced extremum seeking (ES) algorithm, with a new equivalent state-of-charge (SOC) and a new adaptive co-state introduced. Thereby, optimized reference power for each power source can be distributed appropriately when using three components. The workability and prominent of the proposed technique are demonstrated through comparative simulations with fuzzy-rule-based EMS (FEMS) and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) in two case studies: with and without considering the supercapacitors, as an important factor in the EMS design to stabilize the SOC of energy storage devices (ESDs). Briefly, under the proposed ES-based method, the PEMFC power can be regulated such that high-efficiency can be performed, approximately by 46.7%. Subsequently, the hydrogen consumption is reduced about 31.2% compared to a comparative fuzzy-based EMS. Besides, the supplements’ SOCs at the end of a driving cycle are also regulated to be equal to the initial ones.

Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cells; hybrid power source; energy management strategy; extremum seeking; optimization-based method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/12/1849/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/12/1849/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:12:y:2024:i:12:p:1849-:d:1414610

Access Statistics for this article

Mathematics is currently edited by Ms. Emma He

More articles in Mathematics from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().