Design and Implementation of Extremum-Seeking Control Based on MPPT for Dual-Axis Solar Tracker

Cesar Ulises Solís-Cervantes, Sergio Isai Palomino-Resendiz (), Diego Alonso Flores-Hernández, Marco Antonio Peñaloza-López and Carlos Manuel Montelongo-Vazquez
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Cesar Ulises Solís-Cervantes: Automatic Control Department, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City C.P. 07360, Mexico
Sergio Isai Palomino-Resendiz: Automation and Control Engineering Department, ESIME-IPN, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico
Diego Alonso Flores-Hernández: Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIITA, Mexico City C.P. 07340, Mexico
Marco Antonio Peñaloza-López: Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIITA, Mexico City C.P. 07340, Mexico
Carlos Manuel Montelongo-Vazquez: Automation and Control Engineering Department, ESIME-IPN, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico

Mathematics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 12, 1-22

Abstract: The increase in the production efficiency of photovoltaic technology depends on its alignment in relation to the solar position. Solar tracking systems perform the tracking action by implementing control algorithms that help the reduction of tracking errors. However, conventional algorithms can reduce the life of actuators and mechanisms due to control action, significantly reducing operation times and profitability. In this article, an unconventional control scheme is developed to address the mentioned challenges, presenting the design and implementation of an extremum-seeking control to perform maximum power point tracking for a two-axis solar tracker instrumented with a solar module. The proposed controller is governed by the dynamics of a classic proportional-integral scheme and assisted by sensorless feedback. Also, it has an anti-wind-up-type configuration for the integral component and counts with a variable amplitude for the dither signal. The proposal is validated experimentally by comparison between a fixed system and a two-axis system in azimuth-elevation configuration. In addition, two performance indices are defined and analyzed, system energy production and tracking error. The results show that the proposal allows producing up to 27.75% more than a fixed system, considering the tracker energy consumption due to the tracking action and a pointing accuracy with ±1.8° deviation. Finally, an analysis and discussion are provided based on the results, concluding that the proposed algorithm is a viable alternative to increase the performance of tracked photovoltaic systems.

Keywords: extremum-seeking control; MPPT; solar tracker; solar energy; solar cells (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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