Detection of Cyber-Attacks in a Discrete Event System Based on Deep Learning

Sichen Ding, Gaiyun Liu, Li Yin (), Jianzhou Wang and Zhiwu Li
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Sichen Ding: Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
Gaiyun Liu: Groupe de Recherche en Electrotechnique et Automatique du Havre, Université Le Havre Normandie, 76600 Le Havre, France
Li Yin: Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
Jianzhou Wang: Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China
Zhiwu Li: Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China

Mathematics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 17, 1-21

Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of cyber-attack detection in a discrete event system by proposing a novel model. The model utilizes graph convolutional networks to extract spatial features from event sequences. Subsequently, it employs gated recurrent units to re-extract spatio-temporal features from these spatial features. The obtained spatio-temporal features are then fed into an attention model. This approach enables the model to learn the importance of different event sequences, ensuring that it is sufficiently general for identifying cyber-attacks, obviating the need to specify attack types. Compared with traditional methods that rely on synchronous product computations to synthesize diagnosers, our deep learning-based model circumvents state explosion problems. Our method facilitates real-time and efficient cyber-attack detection, eliminating the necessity to specifically identify system states or distinguish attack types, thereby significantly simplifying the diagnostic process. Additionally, we set an adjustable probability threshold to determine whether an event sequence has been compromised, allowing for customization to meet diverse requirements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in cyber-attack detection, achieving over 99.9 % accuracy at a 1 % threshold and a weighted F1-score of 0.8126, validating its superior performance.

Keywords: discrete event system; cyber-attack detection; graph convolutional network; gate recurrent unit; attention model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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