Dynamics of Activation and Regulation of the Immune Response to Attack by Viral Pathogens Using Mathematical Modeling

Ledyz Cuesta-Herrera (), Luis Pastenes, Ariel D. Arencibia, Fernando Córdova-Lepe and Cristhian Montoya
Additional contact information
Ledyz Cuesta-Herrera: Departamento de Matemática, Física y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
Luis Pastenes: Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
Ariel D. Arencibia: Centro de Biotecnología en Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
Fernando Córdova-Lepe: Departamento de Matemática, Física y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480112, Chile
Cristhian Montoya: Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas e Ingeniería, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín 050022, Colombia

Mathematics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 17, 1-15

Abstract: In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the activation of regulatory T lymphocytes dynamics. The model considers the adaptive immune response and consists of epithelial cells, infected cells, free virus particles, helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and regulatory T lymphocytes. A mathematical analysis was carried out to discuss the conditions of existence and stability of equilibrium solutions in terms of the basic reproductive number. In addition, the definitions and properties necessary to preserve the positivity and stability of the model are shown. The precision of these mathematical models can be affected by numerous sources of uncertainty, partly due to the balance between the complexity of the model and its predictive capacity to depict the biological process accurately. Nevertheless, these models can provide remarkably perspectives on the dynamics of infection and assist in identification specific immunological traits that improve our comprehension of immune mechanisms. The theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations using data reported in the literature. The construction, analysis, and simulation of the developed models demonstrate that the increased induced regulatory T lymphocytes effectively suppress the inflammatory response in contrast to similar cells at lower contents, playing a key role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis.

Keywords: coronavirus; immune system; regulatory T lymphocytes; SARS CoV-2; mathematical model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/17/2681/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/17/2681/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:12:y:2024:i:17:p:2681-:d:1466333

Access Statistics for this article

Mathematics is currently edited by Ms. Emma He

More articles in Mathematics from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().