On m -Negative Sets and Out Mondirected Topologies in the Human Nervous System

Faten H. Damag, Amin Saif, Adem Kiliçman (), Ekram E. Ali and Mouataz B. Mesmouli
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Faten H. Damag: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Amin Saif: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Adem Kiliçman: School of Mathematical Sciences, College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Ekram E. Ali: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Mouataz B. Mesmouli: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia

Mathematics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 23, 1-15

Abstract: Using the monophonic paths in the theory of directed graphs, this paper constructs a new topology called the out mondirected topology, which characterizes the graphs that induce indiscrete or discrete topology. We give and study some of the relations and properties, such as the relationship between the isomorphic relation, in directed graphs and the homeomorphic property in out mondirected topological spaces, compactness, D ± -connectedness, connectedness and D ± -discrete properties. Finally, we apply our results of out mondirected topological spaces in the nervous system of the human body, such as in the messenger signal network, in diagrams of sensory neuron cells and in models of two distinct nicotinic receptor types based on the second messenger signal.

Keywords: directed graph; connectedness; continuous function; topology; path (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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