Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Using YOLO Object Detection Algorithm: A Systematic Review

Marco Flores-Calero (), César A. Astudillo (), Diego Guevara, Jessica Maza, Bryan S. Lita, Bryan Defaz, Juan S. Ante, David Zabala-Blanco and José María Armingol Moreno
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Marco Flores-Calero: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunications, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Av. General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
César A. Astudillo: Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, Curicó 3340000, Chile
Diego Guevara: Department of Systems Engineering, I&H Tech, Latacunga 050102, Ecuador
Jessica Maza: Department of Systems Engineering, I&H Tech, Latacunga 050102, Ecuador
Bryan S. Lita: Department of Systems Engineering, I&H Tech, Latacunga 050102, Ecuador
Bryan Defaz: Department of Systems Engineering, I&H Tech, Latacunga 050102, Ecuador
Juan S. Ante: Department of Systems Engineering, I&H Tech, Latacunga 050102, Ecuador
David Zabala-Blanco: Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Universidad Cátolica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
José María Armingol Moreno: Department of Systems and Automation Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain

Mathematics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 2, 1-31

Abstract: Context: YOLO (You Look Only Once) is an algorithm based on deep neural networks with real-time object detection capabilities. This state-of-the-art technology is widely available, mainly due to its speed and precision. Since its conception, YOLO has been applied to detect and recognize traffic signs, pedestrians, traffic lights, vehicles, and so on. Objective: The goal of this research is to systematically analyze the YOLO object detection algorithm, applied to traffic sign detection and recognition systems, from five relevant aspects of this technology: applications, datasets, metrics, hardware, and challenges. Method: This study performs a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies on traffic sign detection and recognition using YOLO published in the years 2016–2022. Results: The search found 115 primary studies relevant to the goal of this research. After analyzing these investigations, the following relevant results were obtained. The most common applications of YOLO in this field are vehicular security and intelligent and autonomous vehicles. The majority of the sign datasets used to train, test, and validate YOLO-based systems are publicly available, with an emphasis on datasets from Germany and China. It has also been discovered that most works present sophisticated detection, classification, and processing speed metrics for traffic sign detection and recognition systems by using the different versions of YOLO. In addition, the most popular desktop data processing hardwares are Nvidia RTX 2080 and Titan Tesla V100 and, in the case of embedded or mobile GPU platforms, Jetson Xavier NX. Finally, seven relevant challenges that these systems face when operating in real road conditions have been identified. With this in mind, research has been reclassified to address these challenges in each case. Conclusions: This SLR is the most relevant and current work in the field of technology development applied to the detection and recognition of traffic signs using YOLO. In addition, insights are provided about future work that could be conducted to improve the field.

Keywords: YOLO; traffic sign detection and recognition; road accidents; systematic literature review; object detection; computer vision (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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