Exploring Dynamic Spalling Behavior in Rock–Shotcrete Combinations: A Theoretical and Numerical Investigation

Lin Luo, Yichao Rui (), Jiadong Qiu (), Chongjin Li, Xiong Liu and Cong Chen
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Lin Luo: Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
Yichao Rui: School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Jiadong Qiu: Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
Chongjin Li: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Xiong Liu: Zhejiang Nonferrous Geological Exploration Group Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, China
Cong Chen: Guangdong Zhonggong Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510670, China

Mathematics, 2024, vol. 12, issue 9, 1-26

Abstract: Spalling is a widespread dynamic disaster during blasting excavation in underground engineering. To clarify the coupled dynamic response and spalling behavior of an underground tunnel with a spray anchor, an investigation based on the rock–shotcrete combination was conducted using theoretical and numerical methods. The mathematical representation of stress wave propagation between rock and shotcrete was deduced based on the elastic stress wave theory. A novel method for predicting the location and time of initial spalling in a rock–shotcrete combination was proposed. A numerical simulation was conducted to verify the validity of the proposed theoretical method. In addition, the effect of the material’s tensile strength, the loading amplitude, and the thickness of shotcrete on the stress evolution and spalling characteristics was studied. The results demonstrate that the initial spalling locations are sensitive to the relationship between the normalized tensile strength of the rock, shotcrete, and interface. A high incident amplitude can cause the initial spalling in rock, and the shotcrete or rock–shotcrete interface can cause initial spalling due to a low incident amplitude. The stress evolution and spalling characteristics are sensitive to the thickness of shotcrete. The location of the initial spalling failure changes with the thickness of the shotcrete. An appropriate increment in thickness and normalized strength of the shotcrete is beneficial to the dynamic stability of underground engineering.

Keywords: dynamic; spalling; rock–shotcrete combination; numerical simulation; stress wave; theoretical analysis; tensile strength (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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