Modeling of Must Fermentation Processes for Enabling CO 2 Rate-Based Control

Nicoleta Stroia () and Alexandru Lodin
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Nicoleta Stroia: Automation Department, Faculty of Automation and Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Alexandru Lodin: Basis of Electronics Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 10, 1-25

Abstract: Models for must fermentation kinetics are investigated and used in simulations for enabling control strategies based on temperature adjustment during the alcoholic fermentation process using the estimated CO 2 rate. An acoustic emission digital processing approach for estimating the CO 2 rate in the must fermentation process is proposed and investigated. The hardware architecture was designed considering easy integration with other sensor networks, remote monitoring of the fermentation-related parameters, and wireless communication between the fermentation vessel and the processing unit. It includes a virtual CO 2 rate sensor, having as input the audio signal collected by a microphone and as output the estimated CO 2 rate. Digital signal processing performed on an embedded board involves acquisition, filtering, analysis, and feature extraction. Time domain-based methods for analyzing the audio signal were implemented. An experimental setup with a small fermentation vessel (100 L) was used for CO 2 rate monitoring during the fermentation of grape must. The estimated CO 2 rate data were fitted with the CO 2 rate profiles generated by simulating the models under similar conditions. Simulations for controlling fermentation kinetics through a CO 2 rate-based temperature control were performed and analyzed. The simulations indicate the proposed approach as valid for a closed-loop system implementation capable of controlling kinetics behavior using estimated CO 2 rate and temperature control.

Keywords: mathematical modeling; digital signal processing; must fermentation kinetics; acoustic emissions; CO 2 emissions monitoring; CO 2 rate estimation; simulation and control of fermentation processes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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