Assessment of Efficiency of Last-Mile Delivery Zones: A Novel IRN OWCM–IRN AROMAN Model

Bojan Jovanović, Željko Stević (), Jelena Mitrović Simić (), Aleksandra Stupar and Miloš Kopić
Additional contact information
Bojan Jovanović: Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
Željko Stević: Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering Doboj, University of East Sarajevo, Vojvode Mišića 72, 74000 Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jelena Mitrović Simić: Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
Aleksandra Stupar: Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Miloš Kopić: Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia

Mathematics, 2025, vol. 13, issue 17, 1-32

Abstract: The importance of managing goods delivery in urban areas has reached its peak in recent years, driven by the constant and rapid growth of online commerce. Under such conditions, where smaller quantities of goods are ordered, yet the number of shipments continues to rise, the question of last-mile delivery (LMD) efficiency becomes increasingly relevant. This paper addresses the issue of last-mile delivery zone efficiency through the application of a new methodological approach. First, the concept of measuring last-mile delivery productivity is defined using a specific example from an urban environment. Next, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are established to enable a proper assessment of urban zone efficiency in line with the LMD concept. The main contribution of this study is the development of the IRN OWCM (Interval Rough Number Opinion Weight Criteria Method), which is used to calculate the weights of the criteria. To assess suitable delivery zones in terms of efficiency based on the defined KPIs, the previously developed IRN OWCM method is integrated with IRN AROMAN (Alternative Ranking Order Method Accounting for Two-Step Normalization). The results identify delivery zones that are suitable in terms of meeting standardized user needs. The developed model demonstrated stability through additional verification tests and can be adequately applied in cases when it is needed to minimize subjectivity and uncertainties.

Keywords: productivity; Interval Rough Numbers; OWCM method; postal sector; last-mile delivery; AROMAN; e-commerce (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/17/2845/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/17/2845/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:17:p:2845-:d:1741691

Access Statistics for this article

Mathematics is currently edited by Ms. Emma He

More articles in Mathematics from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().